This publication examines how more robust national data systems can support durable, inclusive solutions to forced displacement across Asia and the Pacific. A collaboration between the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Asia Displacement Solutions Platform (ADSP), it analyzes existing data systems and identifies how stronger evidence can inform better policies, programs, and interventions for…
This Durable Solutions Analysis focuses on the context of Herat (Western Afghanistan) in urban and peri-urban areas, which are home to internally displaced persons (IDPs) and returnees, especially from Iran. Based on research conducted in early 2025 with Samuel Hall, the analysis combines data from over 36,000 surveys across six datasets, and qualitative research to…
Published in the Forced Migration Review #75, this article developed jointly by ADSP, the Mixed Migration Center (MMC) Asia and the Jesuit Refugee Service (JRS) Indonesia argues that adopting a civil society-supported ‘route-based approach’ can enhance existing coordination structures and more effectively assist and protect Rohingya refugees undertaking dangerous maritime and overland journeys. The article…
Written by Dr. Sanaa Alimia For over 40 years, Afghanistan’s neighboring countries have been home to Afghan refugees and other displaced populations. The region also ranks as high or very high among countries at risk to impacts of climate change – where water, as a resource, is especially scarce. This expert analysis draws from interviews…
Nangarhar, Jalalabad and its surrounding areas, are among the primary destinations for many of the returnees from Pakistan, who often join already saturated urban and rural areas of the province, especially in terms of access to services and protection for both IDP and host populations. Developed by ADSP and Samuel Hall, this Research Brief serves…
In Afghanistan, over 6 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) are living in protracted displacement, representing the second largest IDP population group worldwide. In addition, over half a million Afghan refugees returned to Afghanistan from Pakistan in the fall of 2023. The displaced and returnees live often in informal settlements (ISETs) with no right to their…
Research Report & Briefing Paper There is growing recognition that climate change is a factor driving displacement – primarily within borders, but also across international borders (usually within the same region). Climate change is seen as a “threat multiplier,” exacerbating existing inequalities and risks – for example, through destroying shelter or increasing food insecurity. Groups…
Education transforms lives, paving the way to better futures and livelihood opportunities. In times of crisis, including long-term displacement, education can play a life-saving and life-sustaining role. Unfortunately, in Malaysia, refugee and stateless children remain excluded from formal education in public schools and are thus hindered from reaching their full potential. This policy brief is…
In 2017, a violent security crackdown in Myanmar’s Rakhine State triggered the largest exodus of Rohingya in recent history. At the time, the Malaysian government took a vocal stance against the persecution of the Rohingya, positioning themselves as supportive and sympathetic to their plight. However, as growing numbers of Rohingya have sought irregular means of…
As of November 2022, Malaysia hosted 182,990 refugees and asylum seekers, 106,120 of whom were Rohingya. However, Malaysia is not a signatory to the 1951 Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees or its 1967 Protocol and does not have a legislative framework for refugee protection. Notwithstanding barriers to legal employment, a UNHCR study found…